Objectives and Background:
Improved understanding of the mechanisms that generate and maintain chronic pain has provided opportunities to develop new treatment programs. The RESOLVE trial investigated whether a new multi-stage rehabilitation program based on this new understanding of chronic pain, graded sensorimotor retraining (RESOLVE intervention), improved pain intensity and disability in people with chronic low back pain compared to a sham control group. The trial showed meaningful and sustained benefits up to one year. Although promising, the treatment needs to be adapted and tested in a more pragmatic setting before implementation in clinical practice. This study aims to 1) identify the core and adaptable components of the RESOLVE intervention, and 2) to co-adapt the RESOLVE intervention package for clinical practice.
Methods:
This was a two-stage study using a mixed methods approach. The stages were 1) evidence review and stakeholder engagement, and 2) co-adaptation of the RESOLVE intervention package. Stage one involved secondary analyses of the RESOLVE trial investigating treatment mechanisms and effect modifiers; and conducting qualitative interviews to investigate the perspectives of key stakeholders (n=18) on implementation. Stage two involved co-adaptation activities based on stage one findings, with a team of expert representatives. Our methodology is informed by the ADAPT guidance and co-production frameworks by Hawkins and Madden (2017).
Results: Adaptations were made to four areas of the intervention. These included: enabling flexible progression through the program, improving program structure flexibility, updating educational content and resources, and improving practical elements of the intervention.
Conclusion: This study outlines how the RESOLVE intervention was co-adapted for use in clinical practice. The approach could be used as a framework to guide the adaptation of other complex interventions for chronic pain. The adapted RESOLVE intervention will be further investigated in an effectiveness-implementation trial in primary care.