Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a telerehabilitation program for chronic spinal pain.
Background: Spinal pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Although the literature shows that telerehabilitation is a cost-effective intervention for chronic pain, there is no evidence on its cost-effectiveness for patients with spinal pain living in low, and middle-income countries.
Methods: Patients with chronic spinal pain, aged between 18-60 years, both sexes, and internet access were included. Patients were randomised into telerehabilitation group (n=51, internet-based self-management program) or control group (n=48, online booklet). The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted for pain (11-point NRS) at 12-month follow-up. The cost-utility analysis was conducted for quality-adjusted life year – QALY (SF-6D, 0-1) estimated using linear interpolation between baseline, 8-weeks, six- and 12-month follow-ups. Societal costs were composed of intervention, healthcare, patient/family, and lost productivity costs.
Results: There were no differences between groups for pain and QALY. Telerehabilitation had statistically significantly lower societal costs compared to control group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) showed that 1-point of improvement in pain was, on average, associated with a societal cost saving of US$810 for telerehabilitation compared to control. This represents that telerehabilitation was more effective and less costly than control. The ICER showed that one QALY gained was, on average, associated with a societal cost saving of US$1,768,523 for telerehabilitation group compared to control. The ICER was large due to the very small difference in QALY between groups (mean difference: <0.0005). The probabilities of cost-effectiveness for pain intensity were about 0.99 for societal perspective at willingness-to-pay of US$3,000/point of improvement, and for QALY were about 0.82 for the societal perspective at a willingness-to-pay of US$50,000/QALY gained.
Conclusion: The Telerehabilitation program is a cost-effective intervention for patients with chronic spinal pain, although it depends on the willingness-to-pay of the decision-maker.